Christian Grévisse
PhD in Computer Science
About me
I am an e-learning specialist in medical education at the University of Luxembourg. Holding a PhD in Computer Science, my main research interests lie in the areas of e-learning, gamification, Semantic Web and computer-based assessment. In particular, my research focuses on the integration of learning material through digital tools in different contexts. For more information, please visit the dedicated website about the ALMA-Yactul ecosystem. Along my research, I have also been involved in teaching activities, including the supervision of several Bachelor and Master thesis candidates.
Publications
The following list comprises all publications I have been author or co-author of. For any full-text requests, please visit my ResearchGate profile.
XVII Latin American Conference on Learning Technologies (LACLO)
Christian Grévisse
Abstract
Technology Enhanced Learning has seen a number of technologies during its history, from instructional video cassettes to smartphones and virtual reality environments. Inevitably, with technologies getting obsolete due to replacement or lack of support, TEL solutions face the issue of becoming non-functional. In addition, limited resources may force faculties to abandon certain solutions instead of recreating them with newer technologies. In this paper, we present a case study of an animal neurophysiology virtual lab that has recently suffered from the technology obsolescence phenomenon, both at software and hardware levels. Most importantly, the end of life of Flash was threatening the continuity of an e-learning course. We analyze the issues they were facing, establish a list of requirements for a possible solution and present the implemented changes. We finally perform a risk analysis of obsolescence for the technologies used in the new version of the virtual lab.
- Technology Enhanced Learning
- Technology obsolescence
- Flash
- Virtualization
International Conference On Learning And Collaboration Technologies (LCT)
Aryobarzan Atashpendar, Christian Grévisse, Jean Botev, Steffen Rothkugel
Abstract
Note-taking apps on tablets are increasingly becoming the go-to space for managing learning material as a student. In particular, digital note-taking presents certain advantages over traditional pen-and-paper approaches when it comes to organizing and retrieving a library of notes thanks to various search functionalities. This paper presents improvements to the classic textual-input-based search field, by introducing a semantic search that considers the meaning of a user's search terms and an automatic question-answering process that extracts the answer to the user's question from their notes for more efficient information retrieval. Additionally, visual methods for finding specific notes are proposed, which do not require the input of text by the user: through the integration of a semantic similarity metric, notes similar to a selected document can be displayed based on common topics. Furthermore, a fully interactive process allows one to search for notes by selecting different types of dynamically generated filters, thus eliminating the need for textual input. Finally, a graph-based visualization is explored for the search results, which clusters semantically similar notes closer together to relay additional information to the user besides the raw search results.
- Learning material
- Semantic search
- Question-answering
- Note similarity
- Interactive search
International Conference On Learning And Collaboration Technologies (LCT)
Jean Botev, Christian Grévisse, Steffen Rothkugel
Abstract
Student response systems (SRS) are a popular and effective tool to promote active learning on site, improving student engagement and attention, motivation and learning performance. Traditionally, SRS are designed for on-site settings. However, the safety measures in relation to the recent COVID-19 pandemic result in remote teaching at an unprecedented scale, with online courses becoming the rule. In this paper, we discuss the utilization of interactive SRS in such remote settings for which they initially were not designed. Over the last term, we conducted several empirical surveys across different groups of Computer Science students on undergraduate and postgraduate levels, and covering a broad age spectrum. The results indicate that, while common interactive features of videoconferencing tools, such as chat or polls, are well appreciated, there is still a need for dedicated SRS with game-based elements and feature sets beyond standard multiple-choice questions.
- Student response systems
- Active learning
- Gamification
IEEE International Workshop on Multimedia Technologies for E-Learning (MTEL)
Christian Grévisse, Carina Martins Gomes, Steffen Rothkugel
Abstract
Tablet computers are gaining in presence in modern-day classrooms, enabling the use of a variety of apps for purposes such as note-taking or assessment. Augmented Reality (AR) experiences in the classroom, made possible by current hardware, permit new ways of interaction and visualization, as well as increase student motivation and engagement. They also overcome the need for potentially expensive hardware required for experiments in certain scientific domains. The movement of Open Educational Resources (OER) has enabled the sharing of heterogeneous learning resources. Their retrieval can be improved by enriching their metadata using Semantic Web technologies. In this paper, we present AR4OER, a semantic platform for heterogeneous AR experiences provided as OER. We showcase four AR scenarios from different school subjects. These scenarios can be integrated through a lose coupling in third-party apps. Apart from describing how this integration works, we demonstrate how a note-taking app can benefit from these scenarios.
- Augmented Reality
- Open Educational Resources
- Semantic Web
- Note-taking
International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC)
Christian Grévisse, Steffen Rothkugel
Abstract
Domain ontologies about one or several programming languages have been created in various occasions, mostly in the context of Technology Enhanced Learning (TEL). Their benefits range from modeling learning outcomes, over organization and annotation of learning material, to providing scaffolding support in programming labs by integrating relevant learning resources. The Swift programming language, introduced in 2014, is currently gaining momentum in different fields of application. Both its powerful syntax as well as the provided type safety make it a good language for first-year computer science students. However, it has not yet been the subject of a domain ontology. In this paper, we present an SKOS-based vocabulary on the Swift programming language, aiming at enabling the benefits of previous research for this particular language. After reviewing existing ontologies on other programming languages, we present the modeling process of the Swift vocabulary, its integration into the LOD Cloud and list all of its resources available to the research community. Finally, we showcase how it is being used in different TEL tools.
- Swift
- Vocabulary
- SKOS
- E-Learning
The ALMA-Yactul Ecosystem: A Holistic Approach for Student-centered Integration of Learning Material
01/2020
PhD Thesis
Christian Grévisse
Abstract
Digital learning resources play a key role in technology enhanced learning, yet their organization poses a challenge to both learners and teachers. Students are confronted with an ever-growing amount of available resources in an open, heterogeneous corpus. Finding relevant learning material for a given context or task, such as an exercise, is non-trivial, especially for novices in a complex domain, who often lack specific search skills. In addition, there is often no direct link between the learning material and the task at hand, and the constant interruption of the task in order to search for resources may have an impact on the cognitive load. Moreover, from the perspective of teachers and instructional designers, authoring high-quality learning material is a time-intensive task. Hence, reusing the authored material in multiple contexts would be beneficial.
This dissertation addresses these issues by proposing the ALMA-Yactul ecosystem, a holistic approach for student-centered integration of learning material. Learners can benefit from scaffolding support to retrieve learning material relevant to their current context at a fine-grained level and across the boundaries of individual courses. This integration is showcased in multiple applications and domains, such as a plugin for an Integrated Development Environment or an enhanced sketchnoting app. While the former provides novices in computer programming the necessary tools to scaffold the search for heterogeneous documents on fine-grained syntactical elements, the latter allows for suggesting further information while taking notes in class. In both cases, it is not necessary for learners to leave their current study environment. To implicitly link learning resources and tasks, Semantic Web technologies such as ontologies are used to annotate documents. For this purpose, an extensible and lightweight modular domain ontology for programming languages has been created. While the main study domain in this work is computer science with a special focus on programming, the transferability of the proposed approach to other domains is demonstrated through multiple examples.
Furthermore, to foster the active engagement of students in the learning process, Yactul, a game-based platform for continuous active learning has been developed. Apart from its use in the classroom, the platform also provides formative assessment to the individual learner by keeping track of her performance on a per-concept basis. Yactul activities are a key element in the ecosystem, both benefitting from and contributing to the integration of learning material.
Finally, teachers are assisted in semantically enhancing their resources through semi-automatic annotation support within popular authoring tools. A Knowledge Graph-based approach is employed for core concept identification.
Apart from analysing the usage of this ecosystem and evaluating the user satisfaction in university courses, an experiment with high school pupils lacking prior knowledge in programming yielded positive results with respect to the proposed scaffolding support.
Smart Learning Environments 6:28
Christian Grévisse, Steffen Rothkugel, Robert A. P. Reuter
Abstract
The ever-growing amount of learning material poses a challenge to both learners and teachers. In order to perform a learning task, students often need to search for additional information. Inquiry might be hampered if they do not know what exactly to search for, especially if they lack prior knowledge in a domain. Furthermore, they might need to recall meta-information, e.g., the implicit links between learning resources or the location of an explanation within a document. In addition, their performance in a learning task might suffer from the constant need for further information. As the authoring of learning material is a time-intensive task, reusability of resources in different contexts should be enabled. In this paper, we present the ALMA-Yactul ecosystem, a holistic approach for student-centered integration of learning material. Based on semantic annotations, learners are provided with scaffolding support for retrieving material related to their current study task. This integration of resources is showcased in a variety of applications and domains, such as a plugin for an IDE or an enhanced sketchnoting app. Moreover, we show how Yactul, a gamified student response platform, can benefit from semantic annotations and integration of learning material. Additionally, teachers are provided with semi-automatic annotation support in the popular Office 365 suite to foster the reusability of their content. Apart from presenting the results of its usage in university classes, we also show how high school students without prior knowledge benefitted from this scaffolding support. A significantly better performance in resolving programming-related tasks could be observed compared to a traditional search process. Finally, the ecosystem is evaluated against a state-of-the-art technology integration model.
- Scaffolding
- Learning material
- Integration
- Semantic annotation
International Conference on Applied Informatics (ICAI)
Aryobarzan Atashpendar, Christian Grévisse, Steffen Rothkugel
This paper received the Best Paper Award.
Abstract
Within the transition from pen-and-paper to digital solutions, many tablet-based note-taking apps have been developed. In addition, sketchnoting, a highly visual form of note-taking, has gained in popularity, especially in teaching and learning. While current solutions already reduce the burden of organizing and searching through stacks of paper, they provide little support in finding additional information related to the notes, and search capabilities are mostly limited to textual queries and content. In this paper, we present a novel solution for digital sketchnoting aimed at enhancing the learning experience of students. In addition to common capabilities such as handwriting recognition, our note-taking app integrates semantic annotation and drawing recognition. Handwritten notes are recognized and passed through concept recognition and entity linking tools to enable a knowledge graph-based integration of contextually relevant learning resources. We extend traditional search capabilities by including the semantic metadata from the related material as well as enabling visual queries to find recognized sketches. Finally, resembling the exchange of paper notes among students, our app allows to share the semantically enhanced notes with other devices.
- Sketchnoting
- Learning Material
- Handwriting Recognition
- Semantic Annotation
- Drawing Recognition
- Visual Search
Joint International Semantic Technology Conference (JIST)
Rubén Manrique, Christian Grévisse, Olga Mariño, Steffen Rothkugel
Abstract
The automatic identification of core concepts addressed by a learning resource is an important task in favor of organizing content for educational purposes and for the next generation of learner support systems. We present a set of strategies for core concept identification on the basis of a semantic representation built using the open and available knowledge in the so-called Knowledge Graphs (KGs). Different unsupervised weighting strategies, as well as a supervised method that operates on the semantic representation, were implemented for core concept identification. In order to test the effectiveness of the proposed strategies, a human-expert annotated dataset of 96 learning resources extracted from MOOCs was built. In our experiments, we show the capacity of the semantic representation for the core-concept identification task as well as the superiority of the supervised method.
World Conference on E-Learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare, and Higher Education (E-Learn)
Christian Grévisse, Rubén Manrique, Olga Mariño, Steffen Rothkugel
Abstract
Learners throughout different educational levels and study domains use a significant amount of time to consult learning material. In addition to the resources given by their teachers, further information might be required by the learner. However, leaving the study context to search for related material may lead to distraction or even abandonment of the learning task. Furthermore, traditional learning resources do not foster active learning. In this paper, we present SoLeMiO, a plugin for Office applications, which identifies key concepts in a document and thereby integrates related, heterogeneous resources from an open corpus. We employ concept recognition tools to determine concepts from different domains. Thereupon, resources from different repositories are suggested to the learner and can be consulted from within the current document. Aside from traditional learning resources, active learning is fostered through gamification activities. We showcase the applicability of our approach in multiple disciplines with concrete examples.
Ontology Coverage Tool and Document Browser for Learning Material Exploration
09/2018
IEEE International Conference on Digital Information Management (ICDIM)
Christian Grévisse, Jeff Meder, Jean Botev, Steffen Rothkugel
This paper received a Best Paper Award.
Abstract
Document collections in e-learning can cause issues to both learners and teachers. On one hand, inquiry from the vast corpus of available resources is non-trivial without adequate formulation support and semantic information. Implicit links between documents are hardly understood without a proper visualization. On the other hand, it is difficult for teachers to keep track of the topics covered by a large collection. In this paper, we present an ontology coverage tool and document browser for learning material exploration. Both learners and teachers can benefit from a visualization of an ontology and the documents related to the comprised concepts, overcoming the limitations of traditional file explorers. Guiding users through a visual query process, learners can quickly pinpoint relevant learning material. The visualization, which has been implemented as a web application using the D3.js JavaScript library, can be integrated into different e-learning applications to further enhance the workflow of learners. Finally, teachers are provided an overview of topic coverage within the collection.
- Document Collection Visualization
- Learning Material
- Visual Query Support
- Ontology Coverage
- Document Browser
Colombian Conference on Computing (CCC)
Christian Grévisse, Rubén Manrique, Olga Mariño, Steffen Rothkugel
Abstract
Preparing high-quality learning material is a time-intensive, yet crucial task for teachers of all educational levels. In this paper, we present SoLeMiO, a tool to recommend and integrate learning material in popular authoring software. As teachers create their learning material, SoLeMiO identifies the concepts they want to address. In order to identify relevant concepts in a reliable, automatic and unambiguous way, we employ state of the art concept recognition and entity linking tools. From the recognized concepts, we build a semantic representation by exploiting additional information from Open Knowledge Graphs through expansion and filtering strategies. These concepts and the semantic representation of the learning material support the authoring process in two ways. First, teachers will be recommended related, heterogeneous resources from an open corpus, including digital libraries, domain-specific knowledge bases, and MOOC platforms. Second, concepts are proposed for semi-automatic tagging of the newly authored learning resource, fostering its reuse in different e-learning contexts. Our approach currently supports resources in English, French, and Spanish. An evaluation of concept identification in lecture video transcripts and a user study based on the quality of tag and resource recommendations yielded promising results concerning the feasibility of our technique.
- Learning material
- Authoring support
- Knowledge graph
- Concept recognition
Learning Resource Management through Semantic Annotation Features in Popular Authoring Software
11/2017
International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation (ICERI)
Christian Grévisse, Jean Botev, Steffen Rothkugel
Abstract
The ever-growing set of learning material challenges both students and teachers. While students often need to quickly retrieve resources on a certain topic, teachers have to author high quality documents in a limited amount of time, preferably using their favourite tools. In this paper, we propose an open ecosystem of plugins for popular authoring software, enabling teachers to annotate learning resources using domain concepts from ontologies. In addition, a plugin for the Moodle Learning Management System extracts these annotations from the metadata of the provided resources to allow students to get an overview of important concepts and efficiently retrieve corresponding material.
- Authoring plugins
- Learning material
- Tagging
- Resource retrieval
- Learning management systems
Colombian Conference on Computing (CCC)
Christian Grévisse, Jean Botev, Steffen Rothkugel
This paper received the Best Paper Award in the category Full Paper in English.
Abstract
Semantic web technologies such as ontologies can foster the reusability of learning material by introducing common sets of concepts for annotation purposes. However, suggesting learning material from an open, heterogeneous corpus is a nontrivial problem. In this paper, we propose an extensible and lightweight modular ontology for programming education. Its main purpose is to integrate annotated learning material related to programming into an IDE such as Eclipse. Our ontology is based on a modular architecture, which is extensible with respect to different programming languages. Aligning language-specific concepts with user-specific tags allows us to suggest learning resources for code elements in a fine-grained and cross-curricular way. Our concrete implementation establishes relations between learning aspects in Java or C code and annotated resources such as articles on online question-and-answer sites.
- Modular ontology
- Programming education
- Annotations
- Learning material
Encuentro Internacional Virtual Educa
Christian Grévisse, Jean Botev, Steffen Rothkugel
Abstract
Student response systems as an active learning strategy have shown to be useful in different study domains. With the advent of gamification, these environments have become very popular to improve student engagement. However, existing solutions only provide a static set of activity types and limit their use to classrooms. In this paper, we present Yactul, an extensible game-based student response framework for active learning. Our ecosystem fosters continuous learning both in the collaborative setting of the classroom and the private study environment of the student. Our modular architecture enables a seamless integration of activities from a broad and extensible set. In addition, a mobile app for offline learning extends the experience outside the classroom and allows to replay quizzes anywhere and anytime, track the progress of an individual learner and suggest activities on topics that require more studying.
- Student response systems
- Gamification
- Active learning
International Technology, Education and Development Conference (INTED)
Christian Grévisse, Jean Botev, Steffen Rothkugel
Abstract
The retrieval of appropriate learning material from a heterogeneous, open corpus is a challenge in project-based learning. In addition, with the authoring of high-quality learning resources being a time-intensive task, reusability in different contexts is desirable. In this paper, we propose to move from a material-centric to a student-centric approach, integrating learning material in an advanced project-based learning support platform. Our ecosystem, relying on semantic web technologies, comprises plugins for common authoring and project realization tools.
- Learning Material
- Integration
- Authoring
- Ontology
- Learning Support Platform
ACM Conference on User Modeling, Adaptation and Personalisation (UMAP) [Doctoral Consortium Poster]
Christian Grévisse
Abstract
The growing amount of available learning material nowadays requires a significant filtering effort by students for problem solving tasks. In addition, the choice of the appropriate type of learning material differs depending on the individual learner's preferences. In this work, we suggest to move from a material-centered to a student- and task-centered approach by integrating and suggesting learning material based on the user's literacy and the context of the task to be completed. Data from social networking platforms may both enrich the available learning material and give insights on the user's preferences, to adequately match material and learner in the given context. Finally, computer-based assessment may give insights on the learner's progress and the proposed study material.
- Adaptive learning
- Recommender systems
- Social media
- 21st century literacies
- Computer-based assessment
Congreso Argentino de Ciencias de la Computación (CACIC)
Christian Grévisse, Steffen Rothkugel
Abstract
In-Vehicle Infotainment systems nowadays are largely limited to one-to-one relationships with the drivers’ mobile phone. In this paper, we propose Tumaco, a SOA-based IVI system, which enables the seamless integration of all devices of all passengers. Collaborative services can be executed within a cross-platform ecosystem through the use of semantic hypermedia. In addition, passengers may customize their own user experience in order to reduce mental workload. Our prototypical implementation showed the benefits of opening the user experience to all passengers on a car. Finally, we present a framework that enables developers to provide their own services within our ecosystem.
- In-Vehicle Infotainment Systems
- Collaborative Computing
- Customization
- Hypermedia
Towards Unlimited Mobile Application Collaboration
09/2015
Master Thesis
Jury: Steffen Rothkugel, Denis Zampunieris
This thesis was awarded the Prix Germain Dondelinger for the best Master thesis at the Faculty of Science, Technology and Communication (FSTC) in 2015.
Abstract
In-Vehicle Infotainment systems are very common in today's cars, offering a mix of information and entertainment to the driver. The ubiquity of smart, mobile devices opened new possibilities of innovation to car manufacturers. However, the relationship between a car's IVI system and the driver's mobile phone is a one-to-one mapping, limiting the set of available features and data. In this thesis, we present Tumaco, a cross-platform, extensible in-vehicle infotainment ecosystem. Inspired by already existing SOA-based approaches, we extended popular mobile platforms without requiring changes to the genuine distribution. This allowed us to break the current one-to-one relationship between a driver's mobile phone and the IVI in order to seamlessly integrate all present mobile devices aboard a car. Collaboration between the IVI and mobile devices is reached through the exchange of data and the use of both local and remote services. Collaboration between services run on different platforms may be engaged within workflows. Enriched with semantic hypermedia, exchanged data is platform-independent, self-descriptive and meaningful. Furthermore, each passenger is enabled to customize his user experience. This may be done for the overall IVI layout, for specific components and for services. The first two elements can be customized due to the use of Web Components, a recent technology to create reusable UI components for web pages, which can be provided with semantically annotated data. The last point can be realised through Tumacokit, a framework we developed to enable third-party developers to integrate their apps, data and services within the Tumaco ecosystem. This way, we achieved to extend our system with further application functionality without requiring architectural modifications. The different use cases presented throughout this work have been realised in a prototypical implementation.
- In-Vehicle Infotainment Systems
- Collaborative Computing
- Customization
- Hypermedia
- Mobile Computing
- Ubiquitous Computing
IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence (SSCI)
Christian Grévisse, Ian Muller, Juan Luis Jimenez Laredo, Marek Ostaszewski, Grégoire Danoy, Pascal Bouvry
Abstract
In molecular biology, it is estimated that there is a correlation between the secondary structure of a protein and its functionality. While secondary structure prediction is ultimately possible in wet lab, determining a correlation with the functionality is a hard task which can be facilitated by a computational model. In that context, this paper presents an automated algorithm for the visualization and classification of enzymatic proteins with the aim of examining whether the functionality is correlated to the secondary structure. To that end, up-to-date protein data was acquired from publicly accessible databases in order to construct their secondary structures. The resulting data were injected into a tailored version of a Kohonen Self-Organizing Map (SOM). Part of the work was to determine a proper way of reducing large secondary structures to a common length in order to be able to cope with the constant dimensionality requirement of SOMs. The final contribution consisted in the labeling of the trained nodes. Eventually, we were able to get a visual intuition and some quantified assessment on the nature of this correlation.
World Conference on Educational Media, Hypermedia and Telecommunications (EdMedia)
Laurent Kirsch, Christian Grévisse, Jean Botev, Steffen Rothkugel
Abstract
Active learning requires practical experimentation for fully comprehending a new concept. This is hampered by current learning materials, which mostly consist of static content. The discussed operating system environment allows for the convenient integration of dynamic with static content, thus enabling materials encompassing interactive scenarios and experiments. This greatly benefits the active learner, who is not limited to playing around with the teacher’s pre-defined example set. Individual functional elements of this set can be reused in the learner’s custom scenarios, allowing for isolating the functionality involved and further inspecting its behavior. Hence, a better overall comprehension can eventually be achieved. For showcasing the wide applicability of reusable functional elements and how they support active learning, a set of interdisciplinary scenarios is discussed. The enabling architectural approach and a conceptual set of user interface elements that allow for the definition of custom experiments are also introduced.
Teaching
Mobile App Development - Lecture & Lab
WS 20/21
Development of mobile apps for iOS
Programming 1 - Lab
WS 16/17, WS 17/18, WS 18/19, WS 19/20, WS 20/21
Introduction to (object-oriented) programming in Java.
Operating Systems 1 - Lab
WS 16/17, WS 17/18, WS 18/19, WS 19/20, WS 20/21
Introduction to basic Linux administration, including shell scripts.
Programming 2 - Lab
SS 16/17, SS 17/18, SS 18/19, SS 19/20
Programming in C and Swift.
Introduction to LaTeX
WS 16/17, WS 17/18
Tutoring session on the use of LaTeX for all first-semester Bachelor and Master students at the FSTC.
Mobile Computing - Project
SS 15/16, SS 16/17
Project on the creation of a distributed mobile game. Introduction to Swift and selected Apple frameworks.
Thesis Supervision
SS 19/20
- Bachelor Carina Martins: Augmented Reality in Tablet-based Note-taking Apps
- Bachelor Désirée Lemarquis: Scaffolding Support for Active Learning in Programming Courses
SS 18/19
- Bachelor Aryobarzan Atashpendar: Enhanced Digital Note-taking through Machine Learning and Semantic Annotation
- Bachelor Nélson Caetano: Enhanced IDE for Active Teaching and Learning Support
- Master Jeff Meder: Semi-automatic Annotation of Learning Material in an Ontology and Document Browser
SS 17/18
- Bachelor Sam Ries: Integration of Solfège Learning Material in a Music Notation Software
- Master Laurent Hentges: Active Learning - Integrating Reflection and Feedback through Continuous Games
- Master Dren Gashi: A Graph-Oriented Generic Data Model for Game-based Student Response Systems
- Master Nicolas Mayer: Collaborative Learning Support in a Serious Mobile Game
SS 16/17
- Bachelor Jeff Meder: Cross-Domain Recommendations: Streaming Music Services meet Social Media
- Master Jo Schimberg: Incorporating Learning Material and Personalised Feedback into a Serious Mobile Game
SS 15/16
- Bachelor Davide Belpassi: A Game-Based Student Response Framework for Interactive Education — Offline Coaching
Skills & Tools
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Python
-
Java
-
PHP
-
Swift
-
JavaScript
-
C
Others
- Git
- LaTeX
- Office Add-ins
- Photoshop
- Illustrator
- InDesign
Education
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University of Luxembourg2016 - 2020
-
University of Luxembourg2013 - 2015
-
University of Luxembourg2010 - 2013
Languages
- Luxembourgish (Native)
- German
- French
- English
- Spanish
Interests
- Music
- Airplanes
- South America